A home’s foundation is vital to its stability and security. Left unattended, it can cause damage to a house’s structure and its interior features.
Fortunately, early detection of foundation problems can help you address them before they get worse. A professional can design a repair solution that matches the soil type, climate and foundation build. Contact Foundation Repair Sugar Land for professional help.
When a vertical crack appears in your foundation wall it can be alarming. This is because a crack in the foundation is often considered a serious problem that requires professional repair. The good news is that this type of crack typically only signals a mild case of settling, which every home experiences to some extent. These cracks usually form because of a lack of steel reinforcement during construction, the fact that concrete shrinks as it cures, or in some cases because of water intrusion that causes shifts in the soils supporting the house.
Generally, if the crack is less than 1/8 inch wide it can be easily covered up to prevent pests from entering your home and to stop water infiltration. This will also help to protect your foundation from the effects of a heavy rainstorm, which can lead to flooding and mold growth. It’s a good idea to regularly inspect your foundation and cover any cracks that are hairline wide or larger as soon as you notice them.
If you notice a vertical crack that is wider than this, it can be a sign of serious problems. It may indicate a shifting in the soils, or that there is a structural issue with your basement or foundation. It’s a good idea to consult a professional right away.
Another problem associated with vertical cracks is that they can leak. This is because the cracks are often in places that can allow water and debris to enter your home, such as crawl spaces or basements. This can cause issues with mold and other potential contaminants. It’s important to ensure that the grade around your home is sloped in a way that directs any water properly away from the foundation.
In some cases, a small crack can be repaired by using epoxy or polyurethane injection. These products are designed to fill and seal the crack, restoring its structural integrity. When using this method, it’s important to clean the crack thoroughly and widen the gap slightly with a chisel or angle grinder to improve the adherence of the material. It’s also important to ensure that you’re using a high-quality product and following the manufacturer’s instructions for application and drying time.
Horizontal Cracks
Horizontal cracks that run along the length of foundation walls are more pronounced than vertical ones and can indicate more serious structural problems. They can be a sign of ongoing settlement or the movement of building materials, depending on their width and location. Generally, wide horizontal cracks near doors and windows or those that are stair-stepped suggest that the foundation is shifting and can cause further damage to your home if not repaired.
Horizontal foundation cracks can be caused by several different things, including differential settlement, expansive soil, frost heave, and something heavy parked too close to the foundation. Improving drainage around your home can help prevent this issue by preventing the soil from getting saturated and pushing against foundation walls. Another common culprit of horizontal cracks is expansion-prone soil that swells when it soaks water and shrinks when it releases moisture, creating pressure against foundation walls. Frost heave can also cause horizontal cracks in concrete foundation walls when the water in the soil freezes and expands, pushing against foundation walls and damaging them.
While they are less pronounced than vertical cracks, diagonal cracks can indicate more significant issues that require professional attention. They often appear near doors and windows and are more likely to appear in newer homes. They are also more common in homes with basement foundations and can be caused by poor drainage, settling, excavation work next door, or soil erosion.
Regardless of the cause, you should contact a professional to inspect your foundation for any signs of cracking. They can determine the severity of your problem and recommend the best course of action. If the cause is differential settlement, they can install push or helical piers to extend your foundation down to soil that’s able to support it and restore the original level of your home. For a more permanent repair, they can also install a synchronized hydraulic lifting system to raise your foundation back to its original position. They can also install wall anchors and carbon fiber reinforcement to strengthen your foundation. They can even inject epoxy or polyurethane to fill the cracks.
Stair-Step Cracks
Whether it’s a small hairline crack or large one, stair-step brick cracking should not be ignored. These distinctive, staircase-looking cracks indicate differential foundation settlement and if not addressed may progress to additional symptoms like sagging floors or misaligned doors and windows.
Stair-step cracks tend to form near the bottom of a foundation wall in basements and crawl spaces. They can also appear along exterior walls. These cracks indicate that moisture is building up in a particular section of the foundation wall and this moisture pressure is creating a bowing effect. The resulting stair-step pattern is a warning sign that you need to contact a professional mason for foundation repairs.
Aside from being unsightly, stair-step cracks can compromise the load-bearing capacity of your home’s foundation and weaken the structural integrity of its walls. They can also create pathways for water infiltration into your basement or crawl space, which leads to water damage, mold growth, wood rot and compromised indoor air quality.
Like vertical and diagonal cracks, stair-step cracks are signs of an unstable foundation. A qualified professional mason can perform an inspection and determine the severity of the cracks and recommend an appropriate remediation technique.
Depending on the severity of your stair-step cracks, you might need to have your foundation stabilized with helical or push piers or SafeBase wall anchors. Stair-step cracks are often a result of differential settlement, but they can also be caused by lateral earth pressure or shrinkage cracks from concrete curing.
While some homeowners might attempt to repair these cracks themselves with a DIY solution such as epoxy or polyurethane foam, this is a short-lived, cosmetic fix that will not address the underlying cause of your home’s foundation damage.
The best way to repair stair-step cracks is through the use of an effective and proven method of concrete repair called epoxy injection. This process involves drilling a series of holes along the length of the crack, inserting injection ports and injecting low-viscosity epoxy into the cracks. This method dries quickly, fills voids and binds the concrete together to provide a permanent, durable repair.
Diagonal Cracks
If a crack forms in your foundation that runs diagonally, it’s likely a sign of differential settling. This occurs when one section of the foundation settles differently than another area, usually due to changing soil conditions that impact the footings. The result is a shift in the load bearing capacity of the foundation, which causes the cracking. This type of crack is often a structural issue that requires professional evaluation and repair.
Diagonal cracks can be more severe than horizontal or vertical cracks, but the exact severity of your cracks will depend on how wide they are. Cracks that are less than 1/16th of an inch in width are generally considered minor and can result from normal settling. If your hairline cracks are wider, however, it’s a good idea to contact a foundation specialist for further inspection and possible repairs.
It’s important to note that even if your cracks aren’t serious, they may indicate other problems, such as water seepage. This can be caused by poor drainage, so it’s important to clean gutters and downspouts regularly and to ensure they’re directing rainwater at least 10 feet away from your home. It’s also a good idea to check the soil around your home and ensure it doesn’t have too much moisture content, as this can contribute to foundation movement.
Although it’s not always easy to know whether or not your foundation cracks are a concern, the key is to monitor them over time and take action as needed. If your cracks aren’t leaking and aren’t growing in width, you can probably let them be for the time being. Otherwise, it’s a good idea to have a professional evaluate your foundation to determine the best course of action.